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Groupes 7 à 10 — méthode et références

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Groupes 7 à 10 — méthode et références

Révision du 8 novembre 2026. Les listes de groupe et les fiches de nomenclature FCI ont été rapprochées standard par standard, y compris les reconnaissances provisoires. Les versions anglaises actuelles sont utilisées lorsque la traduction française n’est pas disponible à jour ; les révisions de 2026 ne sont pas remplacées par des PDF français anciens.

Les faits historiques du standard sont distingués des hypothèses anciennes. Les descriptions de comportement sont des objectifs cynologiques ; les propositions d’activités sont une adaptation pratique à la fonction et à l’individu, pas une promesse de tempérament.

Les publications vétérinaires sont citées par auteurs, année, titre, revue, DOI et PMID lorsqu’ils existent. Une observation familiale ne devient pas une prédisposition de population ; un variant de risque ne devient pas un diagnostic. Aucune prévalence actuelle n’est inventée et les données étrangères ne sont pas transposées en pourcentages suisses. Les recommandations de sélection sont distinguées de la preuve de fréquence et des obligations légales.

Groupe 7 · Groupe 8 · Groupe 9 · Groupe 10 ·

Inventaire FCI

Bibliographie scientifique et référentiels

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  2. Wang ZH, Zeng B, Shibuya H, Johnson GS, Alroy J, Pastores GM, Raghavan S, Kolodny EH. (2000). Isolation and characterization of the normal canine beta-galactosidase gene and its mutation in a dog model of GM1-gangliosidosis. Journal of inherited metabolic disease 23(6):593-606. DOI : 10.1023/a:1005630013448. PMID : 11032334.
  3. Dekomien G, Runte M, Gödde R, Epplen JT. (2000). Generalized progressive retinal atrophy of Sloughi dogs is due to an 8-bp insertion in exon 21 of the PDE6B gene. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 90(3-4):261-267. DOI : 10.1159/000056785. PMID : 11124530.
  4. Debenham SL, Millington A, Kijast J, Andersson L, Binns M. (2002). Canine leucocyte adhesion deficiency in Irish red and white setters. The Journal of small animal practice 43(2):74-75. DOI : 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2002.tb00032.x. PMID : 11873952.
  5. Gelatt KN, Wallace MR, Andrew SE, MacKay EO, Samuelson DA. (2003). Cataracts in the Bichon Frise. Veterinary ophthalmology 6(1):3-9. DOI : 10.1046/j.1463-5224.2003.00258.x. PMID : 12641835.
  6. Kramer JW, Venta PJ, Klein SR, Cao Y, Schall WD, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V. (2004). A von Willebrand's factor genomic nucleotide variant and polymerase chain reaction diagnostic test associated with inheritable type-2 von Willebrand's disease in a line of german shorthaired pointer dogs. Veterinary pathology 41(3):221-228. DOI : 10.1354/vp.41-3-221. PMID : 15133170.
  7. Paradis M, de Jaham C, Page N, Sauve F, Helie P. (2005). Acral mutilation and analgesia in 13 French spaniels. Veterinary dermatology 16(2):87-93. DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2005.00443.x. PMID : 15842538.
  8. Wallace MR, MacKay EO, Gelatt KN, Andrew SE. (2005). Inheritance of cataract in the Bichon Frise. Veterinary ophthalmology 8(3):203-205. DOI : 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2005.00359.x. PMID : 15910375.
  9. von Bomhard W, Mauldin EA, Schmutz SM, Leeb T, Casal ML. (2006). Black hair follicular dysplasia in Large Münsterländer dogs: clinical, histological and ultrastructural features. Veterinary dermatology 17(3):182-188. DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2006.00517.x. PMID : 16674733.
  10. Zangerl B, Goldstein O, Philp AR, Lindauer SJ, Pearce-Kelling SE, Mullins RF, Graphodatsky AS, Ripoll D, Felix JS, Stone EM, Acland GM, Aguirre GD. (2006). Identical mutation in a novel retinal gene causes progressive rod-cone degeneration in dogs and retinitis pigmentosa in humans. Genomics 88(5):551-563. DOI : 10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.07.007. PMID : 16938425.
  11. Mellersh CS, Pettitt L, Forman OP, Vaudin M, Barnett KC. (2006). Identification of mutations in HSF4 in dogs of three different breeds with hereditary cataracts. Veterinary ophthalmology 9(5):369-378. DOI : 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2006.00496.x. PMID : 16939467.
  12. Cameron JM, Maj MC, Levandovskiy V, MacKay N, Shelton GD, Robinson BH. (2007). Identification of a canine model of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 deficiency. Molecular genetics and metabolism 90(1):15-23. DOI : 10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.09.011. PMID : 17095275.
  13. Gregory BL, Shelton GD, Bali DS, Chen YT, Fyfe JC. (2007). Glycogen storage disease type IIIa in curly-coated retrievers. Journal of veterinary internal medicine 21(1):40-46. DOI : 10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[40:gsdtii]2.0.co;2. PMID : 17338148.
  14. Mosher DS, Quignon P, Bustamante CD, Sutter NB, Mellersh CS, Parker HG, Ostrander EA. (2007). A mutation in the myostatin gene increases muscle mass and enhances racing performance in heterozygote dogs. PLoS genetics 3(5):e79. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030079. PMID : 17530926.
  15. Proschowsky HF, Flagstad A, Cirera S, Joergensen CB, Fredholm M. (2007). Identification of a mutation in the CHAT gene of Old Danish Pointing Dogs affected with congenital myasthenic syndrome. The Journal of heredity 98(5):539-543. DOI : 10.1093/jhered/esm026. PMID : 17586598.
  16. Mellersh CS, Graves KT, McLaughlin B, Ennis RB, Pettitt L, Vaudin M, Barnett KC. (2007). Mutation in HSF4 associated with early but not late-onset hereditary cataract in the Boston Terrier. The Journal of heredity 98(5):531-533. DOI : 10.1093/jhered/esm043. PMID : 17611257.
  17. Drögemüller C, Karlsson EK, Hytönen MK, Perloski M, Dolf G, Sainio K, Lohi H, Lindblad-Toh K, Leeb T. (2008). A mutation in hairless dogs implicates FOXI3 in ectodermal development. Science (New York, N.Y.) 321(5895):1462. DOI : 10.1126/science.1162525. PMID : 18787161.
  18. Patterson EE, Minor KM, Tchernatynskaia AV, Taylor SM, Shelton GD, Ekenstedt KJ, Mickelson JR. (2008). A canine DNM1 mutation is highly associated with the syndrome of exercise-induced collapse. Nature genetics 40(10):1235-1239. DOI : 10.1038/ng.224. PMID : 18806795.
  19. Dobson J, Hoather T, McKinley TJ, Wood JL. (2009). Mortality in a cohort of flat-coated retrievers in the UK. Veterinary and comparative oncology 7(2):115-121. DOI : 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2009.00181.x. PMID : 19453365.
  20. Farias FH, Johnson GS, Taylor JF, Giuliano E, Katz ML, Sanders DN, Schnabel RD, McKay SD, Khan S, Gharahkhani P, O'Leary CA, Pettitt L, Forman OP, Boursnell M, McLaughlin B, Ahonen S, Lohi H, Hernandez-Merino E, Gould DJ, Sargan DR, Mellersh C. (2010). An ADAMTS17 splice donor site mutation in dogs with primary lens luxation. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 51(9):4716-4721. DOI : 10.1167/iovs.09-5142. PMID : 20375329.
  21. Greer KA, Wong AK, Liu H, Famula TR, Pedersen NC, Ruhe A, Wallace M, Neff MW. (2010). Necrotizing meningoencephalitis of Pug dogs associates with dog leukocyte antigen class II and resembles acute variant forms of multiple sclerosis. Tissue antigens 76(2):110-118. DOI : 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01484.x. PMID : 20403140.
  22. Drögemüller C, Becker D, Kessler B, Kemter E, Tetens J, Jurina K, Jäderlund KH, Flagstad A, Perloski M, Lindblad-Toh K, Matiasek K. (2010). A deletion in the N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) gene in Greyhounds with polyneuropathy. PloS one 5(6):e11258. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0011258. PMID : 20582309.
  23. Constantino-Casas F, Mayhew D, Hoather TM, Dobson JM. (2011). The clinical presentation and histopathologic-immunohistochemical classification of histiocytic sarcomas in the Flat Coated Retriever. Veterinary pathology 48(3):764-771. DOI : 10.1177/0300985810385153. PMID : 20930108.
  24. Zeng R, Farias FH, Johnson GS, McKay SD, Schnabel RD, Decker JE, Taylor JF, Mann CS, Katz ML, Johnson GC, Coates JR, O'Brien DP. (2011). A truncated retrotransposon disrupts the GRM1 coding sequence in Coton de Tulear dogs with Bandera's neonatal ataxia. Journal of veterinary internal medicine 25(2):267-272. DOI : 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0666.x. PMID : 21281350.
  25. Verfuurden B, Wempe F, Reinink P, van Kooten PJ, Martens E, Gerritsen R, Vos JH, Rutten VP, Leegwater PA. (2011). Severe combined immunodeficiency in Frisian Water Dogs caused by a RAG1 mutation. Genes and immunity 12(4):310-313. DOI : 10.1038/gene.2011.6. PMID : 21293384.
  26. Hillström A, Tvedten H, Rowe A, Giger U. (2011). Hereditary phosphofructokinase deficiency in wachtelhunds. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 47(2):145-150. DOI : 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5619. PMID : 21311071.
  27. Farias FH, Zeng R, Johnson GS, Wininger FA, Taylor JF, Schnabel RD, McKay SD, Sanders DN, Lohi H, Seppälä EH, Wade CM, Lindblad-Toh K, O'Brien DP, Katz ML. (2011). A truncating mutation in ATP13A2 is responsible for adult-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in Tibetan terriers. Neurobiology of disease 42(3):468-474. DOI : 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.02.009. PMID : 21362476.
  28. Downs LM, Wallin-Håkansson B, Boursnell M, Marklund S, Hedhammar Å, Truvé K, Hübinette L, Lindblad-Toh K, Bergström T, Mellersh CS. (2011). A frameshift mutation in golden retriever dogs with progressive retinal atrophy endorses SLC4A3 as a candidate gene for human retinal degenerations. PloS one 6(6):e21452. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0021452. PMID : 21738669.
  29. Minor KM, Patterson EE, Keating MK, Gross SD, Ekenstedt KJ, Taylor SM, Mickelson JR. (2011). Presence and impact of the exercise-induced collapse associated DNM1 mutation in Labrador retrievers and other breeds. Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) 189(2):214-219. DOI : 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.06.022. PMID : 21782486.
  30. Seppälä EH, Jokinen TS, Fukata M, Fukata Y, Webster MT, Karlsson EK, Kilpinen SK, Steffen F, Dietschi E, Leeb T, Eklund R, Zhao X, Rilstone JJ, Lindblad-Toh K, Minassian BA, Lohi H. (2011). LGI2 truncation causes a remitting focal epilepsy in dogs. PLoS genetics 7(7):e1002194. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002194. PMID : 21829378.
  31. Gould D, Pettitt L, McLaughlin B, Holmes N, Forman O, Thomas A, Ahonen S, Lohi H, O'Leary C, Sargan D, Mellersh C. (2011). ADAMTS17 mutation associated with primary lens luxation is widespread among breeds. Veterinary ophthalmology 14(6):378-384. DOI : 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00892.x. PMID : 22050825.
  32. Braus BK, Rhodes M, Featherstone HJ, Renwick PW, Heinrich CL. (2012). Cataracts are not associated with retinal detachment in the Bichon Frise in the UK--a retrospective study of preoperative findings and outcomes in 40 eyes. Veterinary ophthalmology 15(2):98-101. DOI : 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00947.x. PMID : 22051106.
  33. Grall A, Guaguère E, Planchais S, Grond S, Bourrat E, Hausser I, Hitte C, Le Gallo M, Derbois C, Kim GJ, Lagoutte L, Degorce-Rubiales F, Radner FP, Thomas A, Küry S, Bensignor E, Fontaine J, Pin D, Zimmermann R, Zechner R, Lathrop M, Galibert F, André C, Fischer J. (2012). PNPLA1 mutations cause autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis in golden retriever dogs and humans. Nature genetics 44(2):140-147. DOI : 10.1038/ng.1056. PMID : 22246504.
  34. Forman OP, Penderis J, Hartley C, Hayward LJ, Ricketts SL, Mellersh CS. (2012). Parallel mapping and simultaneous sequencing reveals deletions in BCAN and FAM83H associated with discrete inherited disorders in a domestic dog breed. PLoS genetics 8(1):e1002462. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002462. PMID : 22253609.
  35. Inal Gultekin G, Raj K, Lehman S, Hillström A, Giger U. (2012). Missense mutation in PFKM associated with muscle-type phosphofructokinase deficiency in the Wachtelhund dog. Molecular and cellular probes 26(6):243-247. DOI : 10.1016/j.mcp.2012.02.004. PMID : 22446493.
  36. Pedersen NC, Liu H, McLaughlin B, Sacks BN. (2012). Genetic characterization of healthy and sebaceous adenitis affected Standard Poodles from the United States and the United Kingdom. Tissue antigens 80(1):46-57. DOI : 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2012.01876.x. PMID : 22512808.
  37. Downs LM, Bell JS, Freeman J, Hartley C, Hayward LJ, Mellersh CS. (2013). Late-onset progressive retinal atrophy in the Gordon and Irish Setter breeds is associated with a frameshift mutation in C2orf71. Animal genetics 44(2):169-177. DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02379.x. PMID : 22686255.
  38. Maurer M, Mary J, Guillaud L, Fender M, Pelé M, Bilzer T, Olby N, Penderis J, Shelton GD, Panthier JJ, Thibaud JL, Barthélémy I, Aubin-Houzelstein G, Blot S, Hitte C, Tiret L. (2012). Centronuclear myopathy in Labrador retrievers: a recent founder mutation in the PTPLA gene has rapidly disseminated worldwide. PloS one 7(10):e46408. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0046408. PMID : 23071563.
  39. Sanders DN, Zeng R, Wenger DA, Johnson GS, Johnson GC, Decker JE, Katz ML, Platt SR, O'Brien DP. (2013). GM2 gangliosidosis associated with a HEXA missense mutation in Japanese Chin dogs: a potential model for Tay Sachs disease. Molecular genetics and metabolism 108(1):70-75. DOI : 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.11.008. PMID : 23266199.
  40. Wiener DJ, Gurtner C, Panakova L, Mausberg TB, Müller EJ, Drögemüller C, Leeb T, Welle MM. (2013). Clinical and histological characterization of hair coat and glandular tissue of Chinese crested dogs. Veterinary dermatology 24(2):274-e62. DOI : 10.1111/vde.12008. PMID : 23413772.
  41. Pemberton TJ, Choi S, Mayer JA, Li FY, Gokey N, Svaren J, Safra N, Bannasch DL, Sullivan K, Breuhaus B, Patel PI, Duncan ID. (2014). A mutation in the canine gene encoding folliculin-interacting protein 2 (FNIP2) associated with a unique disruption in spinal cord myelination. Glia 62(1):39-51. DOI : 10.1002/glia.22582. PMID : 24272703.
  42. O'Leary CA, Parslow A, Malik R, Hunt GB, Hurford RI, Tisdall PL, Duffy DL. (2014). The inheritance of extra-hepatic portosystemic shunts and elevated bile acid concentrations in Maltese dogs. The Journal of small animal practice 55(1):14-21. DOI : 10.1111/jsap.12156. PMID : 24299127.
  43. Zeng R, Coates JR, Johnson GC, Hansen L, Awano T, Kolicheski A, Ivansson E, Perloski M, Lindblad-Toh K, O'Brien DP, Guo J, Katz ML, Johnson GS. (2014). Breed distribution of SOD1 alleles previously associated with canine degenerative myelopathy. Journal of veterinary internal medicine 28(2):515-521. DOI : 10.1111/jvim.12317. PMID : 24524809.
  44. Downs LM, Mellersh CS. (2014). An Intronic SINE insertion in FAM161A that causes exon-skipping is associated with progressive retinal atrophy in Tibetan Spaniels and Tibetan Terriers. PloS one 9(4):e93990. DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0093990. PMID : 24705771.
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  72. Winkler PA, Ramsey HD, Petersen-Jones SM. (2020). A novel mutation in PDE6B in Spanish Water Dogs with early-onset progressive retinal atrophy. Veterinary ophthalmology 23(5):792-796. DOI : 10.1111/vop.12792. PMID : 32639685.
  73. Andrade LR, Caceres AM, Trecenti AS, Borges AS, Oliveira-Filho JP. (2020). Allele frequency of nonsense mutation responsible for hereditary nephropathy in English cocker spaniel dogs. Veterinary and animal science 9:100114. DOI : 10.1016/j.vas.2020.100114. PMID : 32734115.
  74. Hitti-Malin RJ, Burmeister LM, Ricketts SL, Lewis TW, Pettitt L, Boursnell M, Schofield EC, Sargan D, Mellersh CS. (2020). A LINE-1 insertion situated in the promoter of IMPG2 is associated with autosomal recessive progressive retinal atrophy in Lhasa Apso dogs. BMC genetics 21(1):100. DOI : 10.1186/s12863-020-00911-w. PMID : 32894063.
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Pour comprendre et appliquer

Passer de la référence à l’affirmation

L’identité d’une publication

Le titre, les auteurs, l’année, le DOI et le PMID servent à retrouver le document exact. L’indexation dans PubMed facilite cette identification ; elle ne valide pas à elle seule la manière dont un résultat est appliqué à une race ou à un chien.

La portée du résultat

Examinez la population, le pays, le recrutement et la nature de l’étude. Une série de cas décrit des animaux examinés ; un dépistage de volontaires ne mesure pas automatiquement une population entière. Avant de parler de prévalence ou d’hérédité, il faut vérifier que le protocole et les résultats soutiennent précisément cette affirmation.

L’utilisation d’un dépistage

Un test doit être relié à une question, à la race concernée et à une interprétation clinique. Le nom d’une maladie dans une bibliographie n’impose pas un panel universel. La fiche et l’échange vétérinaire servent à distinguer examen pertinent, limite du test et suivi de l’individu.